The Importance Of Speaking Up And Being Indifferent

America hasn’t always been the one to speak its mind, but it has learned from that time that it’s better to start a fight than to be quiet and not do anything for the situation. Elie Wiesel talks about the importance of speaking up and being indifferent. He was a victim of the anarchy in Germany as a child. American soldiers saved his life and now he is around to tell his story and thoughts on that time. He makes you feel a part of it. He makes you feel passionate about the situation, and even gives you a very good perspective on where he is coming from. He recited a very well written speech about the U.S. history, he really sucks you in with his speaker credibility, and makes you feeling his passion and belief on being indifferent, and even has very well thought out supporting ideas. When I read ‘The Perils of Indifference’, Elie Wiesel really made me feel like I was there. He started off with a story that was very descriptive. He talked about how this yo ung Jewish kid woke up 54 years ago in a place call Buchenwald. He was finally freed by US Military. The child was so grateful for what they had done for him even though he did not speak the same language of them. (Elie Wiesel, 1999) This was his introduction paragraph. He started out with a story. Really grabbing you and pulling you in. Making you feel like you were actually there. â€Å"Why tell stories in speeches? Because they are interesting, they help people remember what you say, and they are a good way to conveyShow MoreRelatedTypes of Teachers1395 Words   |  6 Pagesshould inspire positive attitudes and amiable atmospheres for learning. To illustrate such an approach, as well as the opposite of it, this paper consists of the following types of teachers: intimate, authoritative and indifferent teachers. Keywords: authoritative, intimate, indifferent teacher; Types of Teachers Teachers are the ones that pass the knowledge over to the students and they utilize different way of presenting the given material. According to Jupp (2012), â€Å"Teachers makeRead MoreTypes of Teachers1395 Words   |  6 Pagesshould inspire positive attitudes and amiable atmospheres for learning. To illustrate such an approach, as well as the opposite of it, this paper consists of the following types of teachers: intimate, authoritative and indifferent teachers. Keywords: authoritative, intimate, indifferent teacher; Types of Teachers Teachers are the ones that pass the knowledge over to the students and they utilize different way of presenting the given material. According to Jupp (2012), â€Å"Teachers make thousandsRead MoreNext to of course god america i1300 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the message about patriotism the speaker in the first stanza, a politician, is giving. For example, being fourteen lines in length, the poem can be defined as a sonnet, a form usually associated with love poems. Cummings, however, tweaks the sonnet, shaping it into two stanzas of unequal length instead of three quatrains followed by a couplet. The first stanza is a speech being given by a politician and is denoted with quotation marks, and the second stanza, just one line long, is a commentRead MoreEssay on Ivan Turgenevs Fathers and Sons1000 Words   |  4 PagesTurgenev emphasizes the enormous difference between subsequent generations by describing their distinctive philosophical views and life ideologies. The protagonists of the novel, Arkady and Bazarov, are two graduates who return to their homes wrapped up in new, inflexible philosophical views meant to give sense to their meanings and to bring enlightenment to the â€Å"ignorant† old generation represented by their parents. However, age is the only thing that unifies the two characters. Thus, they representRead MoreJohn Ruskin s Impact On Society1254 Words   |  6 Pagesbeliefs. He just said what he thought was right, and although he died for it, he did change society in a positive way. I strongly agree with Ruskin’s quote because change only occurs when someone goes out of their way to try and cause it. Generally speaking, it seems like the most common subjects people are afraid to speak out about is regarding government and the economy. In 1984 by George Orwell, it shows an entire society who can not speak out about their beliefs, and if they do they will be punishedRead MoreThe Media And The Platform1548 Words   |  7 Pagesas the essentialist views of feminism. There are many ways to promote feminism and emphasize the importance of progression—it is beneficial for all. There are many ways to promote and encourage the movement as an individual however, having a platform would be more ideal. That being said, many celebrities do indeed use their platforms to speak on social injustices happening daily, one in particular being Beyonce Knowles. Beyonce Knowles is an artist who has been very active in the media for at leastRead MoreAn Analysis of The Soul selects her own Society884 Words   |  4 Pagestaking part of her life. Dickinson’s actions imply that the ability to create and construct a world for oneself, such as choosing your own actions, provides an example of a god-like achievement. Overall, Dickson asserts the importance of â€Å"the Self† theme which is shown my just speaking and writing as a ratification of the will to explore and express â€Å"the Self† to others. The poem is indicative of the poet herself and when she â€Å"shuts the Door-†, she locks herself behind a closed door and chooses toRead MoreThe Adjustment Mechanism Is A Process Of Unique Importance Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesLiving is a process of adjustment and it is a process of unique importance in human life. It is a satisfactory and harmonious relationship of an organism to its environment. Thus, the term adjustment may be defined as, â€Å"the process of finding and adopting mode of behavior suitable to the environment or its changes to the environment†. In Psychology, adjustment is defined as a behavioral development of humans and animals by which they maintain balance for their certain needs or between their needsRead MoreThe Influence Of Victorian Society On Relationships And Marriage1642 Words   |  7 Pagesof Victorian Society on Relationships and Marriage Marriage was of utmost importance during the 1830’s to the 1900’s. The â€Å"ideal† relationship had been searched for by both men and women using the standards that the commonwealth had created. When reading Oscar Wilde’s â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† and associating it to society’s expectations for both genders throughout the Victorian era, people are depicted as being very effected and influenced by the set rules and boundaries. Using the themeRead MoreEmily Dickinson Research Paper1381 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson was one of the most well-known poets, being considered as one of the most leading nineteenth-century poets. She commanded a remarkable cleverness of style and honor of idea. Only ten of Dickinson’s nearly one thousand, eight hundred poems are known to have been published in her entire lifetime. Devoted to private quests, she sent hundreds of poems to friends and correspondents while apparently keeping t he greater number to herself. She habitually worked in verse forms suggestive of

Health Hazards A Structural Model Of Health Behavior

Negative health outcomes plague most cities; things such as pollution, lack of exercise, and poor access to food effect most residents of cities. However, these things disproportionately affect minority groups living within cities. In the United States minority groups are often disadvantaged economically and as such tend to live in less desirable neighborhoods. These neighborhoods are typically near sources of pollution and the houses therein are old and may have lead paint or plumbing and electrical systems that aren’t update to date. Lead paint, lead pipes, and mold are all examples of health hazards lurking in the homes in inner cities. In the case of natural disasters these disparities become even more apparent. According to â€Å"A†¦show more content†¦People were trapped. Trapped due to lack of resources to get out in time. Trapped because they were unaware that they were in danger (Burby). The greatest cause of this was racial; minorities didn’t have the economic ability to protect themselves. New Orleans has been segregated almost since its founding as a French colony. After the land was sold to the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase the patterns of distinct ethnic segregation arose. The wealthiest, white elites lived in the center of the city in the higher lands; and in the areas of higher risk nonwhite Creoles, who were not as well as whites but as poorly off as free blacks, settled. In the post American Civil War era many recently freed blacks flocked to New Orleans for the economic opportunities there. Many black people worked on the docks or as domestics for the affluent white people in the upper city, as such, it was convenient to settle along the river which as within walking distance of both the docks and the homes of the wealthy inhabitants of the city (Campanella). As the city developed into a modern metropolis the original patterns remained in place and contributed to the outcomes of Hurricane Katrina. Prior to the storm it was known that the land being built on was not safe or fit for development. The government encouraged this development by making it â€Å"safe† to build on and by subsidizing building projects thereShow MoreRelatedSocial Aspects of American Children Being Born in Poverty Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesappropriately describes the current state of children and youth in America. Garbarino suggests that children today are being brought up in a socially toxic environment where violence, divorce, racism, addiction, educational failure, poor physical health, and adult emotional problems are just a few of the toxic social forces converging on children, robbing them of their innocence and dignity. Moreover, he argues, children who are faced with economic distress and poverty are particularly vulnerableRead MoreEssay on Decision Making3079 Words   |  13 Pagestop management level. A model of decision making known as the Rational Decision Making Model arises from organization behavior. This includes working through series of five stages path from problem identification and to the solutions. 1. Define the problem. 2. Identify the decision criteria. 3. Compare each option against pre-determined criteria. 4. Select the best option 5. Implement the best chosen option. The Rational Decision Making Model (RDDM) is model which provides a structuredRead MoreCommunity Preparedness And Mitigation Plan Essay3329 Words   |  14 Pagespertinent risks and hazards will be discussed. It s current state of readiness is exceptional. The purpose of the Topsham community Hazard Mitigation Plan is to provide a comprehensive set of guidelines for hazard response and mitigation in the community. The plan identifies potential risks with appropriate mitigation responses to significantly reduce loss of life, injuries, economic costs, and destruction of natural and cultural resources. As the occurrences of the hazards identified in thisRead MoreDorothea Orem’s Self Care Theory Essay2243 Words   |  9 PagesDOROTHEA OREM’S SELF CARE THEORY Dorothea Orem’s Self Care Theory Carmen Sigley West Virginia University Abstract When a patient needs to decrease the potential problem that prevents him from reaching his optimal health, nurses can use Orem’s Self-care Model as a tool to identify when and how much they can influence the patient care. This theory is the key of nursing care if it is used optimal and in a period of time when patient’s development can be discover and manipulated. The purposeRead MoreVulnerability And Risk Of Poor Health3488 Words   |  14 PagesMore specifically, everyone is potentially at risk of poor physical, psychological, or social health. The word vulnerable is defined by the Merrian-Webster’s Dictionary as â€Å"capable of being physically wounded† or â€Å"open to attack or damage†. Commonly, the word vulnerability indicates one’s susceptibility to health problems, harm or neglect. Some however, maybe more or less susceptible or at risk of poor health at different times in their lives, while certain individuals and communities are more likelyRead MoreThe Problems, Effects, and Solutions to Workplace Stress for Holland’s Automotive Repair2132 Words   |  9 Pageswide diverse nature. Internal research shows many employees are suffering from workplace stress. External research focuses on several studies, models, and theories of workplace stress effects. Workplace stress causes problems such as lack of motivation, poor health, increased safety concerns, and overall low morale within the company. Stress related hazards target work content and work context. Businesses endure many losses when employees’ workplace stress is not controlled and prevented. Holland’sRead MoreTerrorism in Kenya and the USA4860 Words   |  19 Pagesnumber of times and that it will likely continue to be a victim. Given its geographical location, its an easy target. Given its amicable and mutually beneficial relations with the U.S., its an appealing target for terrorists. Theories, Concepts and Models Connected to Disaster Management As stated earlier, the events of September 11 changed the world in a final and irreversible way; they also demonstrated in a lucid and unmistakable way something about emergency department management that most expertsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Hospitalized Elderly Patients1806 Words   |  8 Pagesautonomy. (Boyd, Ricks, Fried, 2009). In the hospital setting, the elderly patients face additional set of challenges, often termed the â€Å"hazard of hospitalization†, that include prolong bed rest, functional incontinence, unfamiliar environments, falls, and pressure ulcers (Leipzig, Bloom, Fernandez, 2011). The older population needs effective health care that is focused not only on the prevention and treatment of diseases but also effective interventions to prevent functional declineRead MoreBuilding Construction8401 Words   |  34 PagesBuilding Construction Fire Service The building variables that FF must consider: †¢ Age of building – age in itself is not a hazard but an indication of potential hazards †¢ Fire protection systems – first line of defense in a building †¢ Occupancy of the building – often affects fire behavior†¦each occupancy has different hazards fuels, and the structural components are subjected to different temperatures, heat release, duration. †¢ Fire/fuel loads – weight of combustibles perRead MoreCost Benefit Analysis Essay2366 Words   |  10 Pagesnonagricultural labor force: 615,500; construction and mining: 40,700; manufacturing: 31,500; trade, transportation and utilities: 122,400; information: 9,800; financial activities: 35,900; professional and business services: 71,900; educational and health services: 83,700; leisure and hospitality: 82,200; other services: 23,200; government: 104,200† (Hallegatte 2006, p. 13). On average each person earns $ 16 per hour. Actually, this translates to a total income of $199,449,600 per day for the resident

Cost sheet basic Free Essays

18th Century Swimwear During the 18th century, spas where men and women engaged in public bathing began appearing in France and England. Men and women still bathed infrequently for recreation and it was considered as therapy. Modesty was of prime importance with style not much of a consideration in those days. We will write a custom essay sample on Cost sheet basic or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first suits were far from practical or comfortable; ladies went as far as to sewing lead weights into the hem of the bathing gown to prevent the dress from floating up and exposing their legs. With the introduction of railroads, ocean-side beaches became popular for sunny ecreations and a need to wear bathing suits was felt to protect the skin from the harsh sun and being modest and strongly against any skin show. This 1797 Gallery of Fashion print shows two ladies protected by face-shading bonnets, shawls and gloves as they 1858 Bathing Suit typically worn by the French and English. Early 19th Century Swimwear Even though the 19th century Swimwear was not very high fashion and stylish for the masses a strong need was felt for a fashionable outfit for swimming or Sea Bathing. This is because Sea Bathing was considered as a recreational activity which was only taken up by the wealthy. The Activity itself was considered fashionable. Along with this new outdoor pastime came the need for a stylish garment for the privileged lady of fashion. Here we will follow the path of the fashionable bathing suit, which began long before the modern day bikini. Bathing Machines In The Early 19th Century Bathing machines were roofed and walled wooden carts rolled into the sea Some had solid wooden walls others had canvas walls over a wooden frame. The Bathing Machine was a popular etiquette followed by women of the 19th century The use of bathing machines indicated swimming still being an activity where a lot of attention as paid to modesty and revealing one’s body in public was considered to be Inappropriate. As it was an activity taken up only by the wealthy, That Class was very particular about keeping up appearances and not being inappropriate in public. Mid 19th Century Swimwear In the Mid nineteenth Century Bathing dresses continued to cover most of the female figure However the era of bathing suits was over, and then came the heavy flannel â€Å"Turkish† pants and â€Å"Paletot â€Å"Dresses The Main reason behind the use ot tlannel fabric was its quality of high opacity as compared to other Fabrics even when it was et This is another Indicator that skin show was still looked down upon. Late 19th Century Swimwear The swimsuits consisted of bloomers and black stockings. By 1855, drawers were added to prevent the problem of exposure. Women still refrained from swimming too much; the prevailing attitude of the day was that it was mainly a male prerogative. The â€Å"Princess† cut was introduced, consisting of a blouse and trousers in one piece. The skirts were replaced with cotton-like trousers. There was also a separate skirt that fell below the knee and buttoned at the waist to conceal the fgure. A ruffed cap or a straw hat completed the ensemble. How to cite Cost sheet basic, Papers

Donner Party Essay Research Paper Donner PartyWas free essay sample

Donner Party Essay, Research Paper Donner PartyWas the Donner Party a immense calamity, or a fatal error merely waiting to go on to anyone? This paper is traveling to demo the errors and bad lucks of the Donner Party. When George Donner, and his brother Jake took the advice of a adult male they did non cognize, they felt confident in his word. He told them of a trail that was purportedly faster than the popular California Trail. They took his advice and set off. The party left with an abundant sum of nutrient and supplies. The party looked no different from any other except for one waggon that stood out from the others. It was three narratives tall and had an Attic to hive away apparels and nutrient. The party left from Little Sandy, Illinois, on July 20,1846. The group had Americans, Germans and a few other aliens. The group was to get down on the California Trail and so travel to the left at the Little Sandy Creek. Everyone felt confident with the determination to travel on the nameless, unheard-of trail. The Donner brothers thought they would get at the Sierra mountain scope by at least September, and at most late October.Most of the households brought merely nutrient, apparels, and of import points. However the 1s those brought excess points would shortly happen that they were punished badly by the unsmooth trails and stricken with cattle. The traveling was smooth for a long clip. The lone jobs were a few broken wheels, and axles. The cattle were demoing great strength and power, and seemed to be drawing harder as the yearss went by. The nutrient was remaining fresh, and cipher was of all time Hungary. Was this truly the trail that Lanford Hastings promised to the Donners # 8217 ; ? Everyone felt great and was happy to see that they were in front of agenda. However, the party realized their great fortune would non last them the whole trip. Already there were marks of harder going. Every twe nty-four hours the dreaded Colorado Rockies seemed to be acquiring bigger. The group had yet to mount a existent mountain, merely small hills they were non educated in traversing mountains. They were non certain if their cattle were strong plenty to draw the heavier waggons up the steep hillside. The first trial of the oxen # 8217 ; ability to draw up a hill came in the foothills of the Rockies. The squad was faced with a long ascent followed by a steep decent which could easy tip a waggon. The cattle appeared to be drawing good up the hill, but the decent would be a wholly different challenge. The lone means of halting the waggons on downhill was to lock the axles so they would non be able to whirl. The first decent took a long clip, because it was the first clip they had done it. It went really smooth except for a twosome of tipped waggons. The first hill was thought to be difficult, but compared to the mountains that had yet to be faced ; this hill was nil. After the hill they c amped at a topographic point with grass and a spring.1 The cattle were refreshed with fresh grass, and the people enjoyed the scenery, and drank the cold refreshing H2O. However, they could non conceal the job of traversing the mammoth Rockies. The Donner party followed Hastings trail until it turned up into the Rockies. The group now felt confident that they cross the Rockies, and that the trail would take them to easy spreads in the mountains. Every so frequently the group would direct out a adult male in front of the group to see how the trail looked. They sent out a adult male, and when he came back after two yearss everyone was truly aroused. However, the intelligence wasn # 8217 ; t as exciting. He said the trail went into some highly unsmooth parts that could merely be passed on horseback. He besides said that there was another topographic point that they could travel by. Everyone agreed that doing their ain trail was the best thing to make. Their cattle were still non at fu ll strength, but they had to travel on. The party set out on a palling journey that was speedy in run outing their energy, and decelerate in doing milage. The group was discouraged, but kicking would make them no good now. At this point the group was doing its lowest milage yet.2 The Donner Party eventually made it over the great Rockies, but non without a immense blow to their heads and on their weak organic structures. The party rested for a hebdomad and a half at a nice topographic point with cool H2O, and green grass. Finally they felt good plenty to travel on. The cattle were still tired, but good plenty to travel on. The traveling was easy for a few yearss until they foremost spotted the Wasatch Range. They dreaded the idea of holding to traverse another scope, but they had to maintain traveling. The party felt discouraged about holding to traverse more mountains, but there was no other manner around the mammoth Wasatch. The ascent up was long. It took eight yearss to make the acme. However, traveling up was the easy portion. The nice down was filled with broken axles, and broken wheels. The Wasatch took its toll on the Donner Party. Their nutrient supply was traveling down, and Indians were get downing to trouble oneself them. The Indians tried to be friends with the Donners # 8217 ; , and were. Then, one forenoon everyone woke up to happen two oxen dead, and meat stolen from a waggon. The party so decided to direct two work forces in front to seek the country. The two work forces came back and reported seeing a immense lake3 followed by a long desert. It took the party a whole hebdomad to travel where the work forces on Equus caballuss went in three yearss. The party found a cantonment by the lake, but found the H2O to be saltier than any ocean. The H2O was unsuitable to imbibe, so the group found another topographic point that they called 20 springs. By the springs they found a mark that said # 8220 ; NO WATER FOR TWO DAYS AND TWO NIGHTS. # 8221 ; The party was certain that it wouldn # 8217 ; t be that long so they packed adequate H2O for two yearss. The mark was right, they went two yearss and two darks, and found no H2O. Their H2O supply was non plenty. The last few beads of H2O were so of import that non even thirsty babes received H2O. The Donner Party really began to believe that they might decease of thirst, or now even hunger. They had been out in the desert for three yearss now. They have been able to see mountains for a long clip. They sent out two work forces to seek for H2O in the nearby mountains. After three yearss the work forces came back with some bad intelligence. They said that there is no H2O for 50 more stat mis. The group decided to go forth the waggons behind, and merely take Thursday vitamin E most of import things in a few waggons. The cattle were besides really tired. They left behind most of the cattle besides. They got to the H2O merely in clip. There was merely one gallon of H2O left. Some cattle had died, most were excessively ill to travel. The work forces went back into the desert to look for some cattle. The adult females were left at cantonment, and while they were entirely the Indians took some nutrient, and shot some oxen.4 The work forces came back tired and with few cattles. The squad rested a small, and so put out once more. They moved easy, but were still retrieving. They faced really small mountains. The traveling was easy. They eventually connected back into the California trail. They moved along the Humboldt river directly into the Sierra Nevada mountains. It had already snowed in the mountains, so the party was disquieted they would non acquire across the scope, but if they didn # 8217 ; T they would all decease. 5The party stayed the dark, but woke up to two pess of new snow. The party was devastated. However, they knew they had to seek and travel on. They tried to force on, but they couldn # 8217 ; t. The snow was excessively deep. They went back to the lake that they stayed at the dark earlier. There were already two garrisons at that place. The group sent out some work forces to acquire aid earlier. The work forces came back and found the group in the garrisons half frozen to decease, half starved to decease. The work forces brought back seven mules. The group set off one time more, but once more found the snow excessively deep to travel in. They were stuck. They had no nutrient, and had small apparels. They had to believe of something to make. They were traveling to decease easy if they didn # 8217 ; t acquire nutrient. They tried to maintain composure. The group was panicking. Would this be the terminal? It was merely November, 4th. It was possible the snow could run. The snow kept coming down. Illnesss were traveling about, and a few people had died of hungriness. The daze of seeing decease was excessively much for some people. The garrisons were crowded, and the people were foul. The ill people were placed in one subdivision of the garrison, and the healthy in another. The malodor of waste and puke lingered in the air. As the yearss went by the conditions got worse. Cipher knew how deep the snow was, because cipher had been outside for yearss. Hunger got so bad that people were reduced to eating their waste, their fingers that had frostbite, and finally, their ain DEAD. The determination was made: SEND 15 Peoples TO FIND RESCUE TEAM6. The 15 people sent out, and were out of sight in an hr. The people left at cantonment were praying for the safety of the squad. Thingss at cantonment were merely acquiring worse. The winter was non even a one-fourth of the manner over, and more snow had fallen than would fall in a whole year.7 The opportunities of the deliverance squad happening aid was rather good, the opportunities of the saviors happening the deceasing Donner Party was slender, but hopeful. The Donner Party had been trapped in the snow for one month. They survived on the organic structures of their dead, and muddy snow. Occasionally they would eat one of their cattle, if they could happen one.8 Everyone was truly ill, except for a few people. By now, it was no large trade to see a individual picking at a dead individual # 8217 ; s organic structure for nutrient. The thing that was traveling on was that the party was eating each other and the illness that the dead individual had is eaten by 10 people and so one of those people is eaten, and so on. The organic structures of the dead were still stacking up despite people eating them. Still, some people would non eat the organic structures of their friends, and household. The people who did non eat the dead, became the dead9. The lasting people weren # 8217 ; t certain if the deliverance squad would come back for them. However, the deliverance squad faced their ain jobs. They besides had no nutrient, no H2O, except for melted snow, and faced serious unwellness, and even decease. They excessively were reduced to eating their dead. The deliverance squad did finally make aid. After three hebdomads in the snow the deliverance squad, with eight people left found aid. None of the members were good plenty to take a squad back to the cantonment. Without a deliverance member th ere was no manner to happen the deceasing Donner Party. The squad had to wait for person to acquire better so they could happen the party. After a hebdomad two work forces were good plenty to travel back. There was still the job of acquiring the subsisters out, and to acquire them down to Sacramento. Obviously no 1 would be able to acquire out by themselves. Everybody would hold to sit on horseback down to safety. There was still no manner of cognizing how many subsisters their were. 60-50-or none? 10The deliverance squad set out in hope to happen the party. They brought no Equus caballuss because the Equus caballuss had nil to eat, and would decease. The two work forces set out in hope to happen the topographic point from which they left from. They had no markers to travel by, or a map, merely inherent aptitudes. The topographic point looked a batch different because of new snow autumn. That didn # 8217 ; t maintain the squad from traveling on. The two recognized really small but that was plenty to demo the manner. After another hebdomad in the snow the deliverance teem spotted the party from a far off mountain extremum. They would be at the cantonment in two more yearss. By this clip the at bay Donner Party had lost all hope in the saviors. The bulk of the group was on the brink of decease. Typhus, and lice had infested the cantonments, and no one went to bed without something populating off of them. Hope had been lost, and so had a batch of lives. The lone things # 8217 ; people talked about were how nice it would be to decease, and how good a Meleagris gallopavo sandwich would savor. The deliverance squad arrived and found merely the really top of the chimneys lodging out where the snow had melted. The squad feared the worst. The victims had been remaining in the cabins for two months, populating off of liquid snow, and dead organic structures. The deliverance squad found the party in better status than they expected. The squad helped nurse them back to wellness. The deliverance squad brought nutrient, and soap. They bathed the immature kids, and bathed the grownups. The people were given clean covers, and towels. The job of typhus, and lice still existed. The lone manner to acquire rid of it was to fire it. The apparels of the subsisters were burned, and the organic structures of the dead were burned. Wholly, the Donner Party expedition was a complete calamity. The entire loss for the trip was 42 DEAD, and 47 left with the idea of calamity, and decease.

Abigails Vengeance essays

Abigails Vengeance essays The witch trials of 1692 were among the darkest experiences of United States history. Forming in the rigid Puritan community of Salem, these infamous trials were a perfect example of vengeance based injustice. In Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, it all begins as but a simple accusation against a hand full of girls and only later develops into the great hysteria they are known as today. Ironically, these truth seeking hearings were built entirely of falsehoods, most of which originates from the testimonies of Abigail Williams. Abigails vengeful feelings spur her into manipulating the girls, lying to the court, and attempting to ruin the relationship of John and Elizabeth Proctor. Abigails need for revenge causes her to use manipulation to intimidate the girls into following her plan of deceit. Abigail bullies the other girls into not spoiling her plan for revenge by verbally and physically attacking them. Let either of you breathe a word, Abigail threatens, or the edge of a word about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you (835). Abigail knows all the girls fear her and she uses this to her advantage. Abigails paralysis allows the whole outcome of the witch trials to favor her. Abigails selfishness also causes her to frequently lie in court. Madly in love with John Proctor, Abigail believes that if Elizabeth were not in the way, he would belong to her. When the accusations begin, Abigail quickly claims to have seen Elizabeth Proctor with the devil. Abigail even goes out of her way to get Mary to plant the poppet in Elizabeths possession. She then stabs herself with a needle into her stomach and blames Elizabeth of wanting to kill her. She denies that the poppet belongs to Mary Warren and insists that Elizabeth is playing with witchcraft. When M...

The eye

The eye The EyeA person's eyes are his or her windows to the world. Sight is one of the most important senses a human being may have. There are several components involved in vision that help us perceive our surroundings. These parts work together to focus light so that one is able to see the images in his or her environment.Light enters the eye through a transparent shield called the cornea. It is attached to the outer wall of the eye. The cornea focuses light rays so that they go in a straight line into the rest of the eye. It is also very tough and durable so that it can help protect the eye from any particles that may get in.After going through the cornea, light rays have to pass through the pupil. It is an adjustable opening that is controlled by the iris. The iris (the colored part of the eye) decides how much or how little light will be passed through.English: A graphical depiction of the edge detecti...The pupil is the dark spot in the center of the eye which leads to the lens.The le ns is a flexible, elastic structure that bends and adjusts to focus light onto the retina. The lens is the last structure to focus light rays; therefore it does the most converging. The focus of the lens is comparable to that of a camera, which can change the focal point for objects close up and far away. The process of the lens bending and changing shape is called accommodation. Abnormalities in the eye can interfere with the way the lens is able to focus light. This can cause the individual to be nearsighted or farsighted, in which case the object is focuses either behind or in front of the retina.The retina is located at the back...

A mobile application tool, which uses persuasive design to encourage Essay

A mobile application tool, which uses persuasive design to encourage young adults to make healthier food alternatives - Essay Example Then the results from the theoretical user requirements with the practical user requirements are collated to gain a list of specific user requirements. A meeting was organized with the head of Villiers High School’s Sixth Form. A presentation of the data was initiated. In this case, a quick overview of the project was explained. Again, the involvement of each student was explained. After this was done, students received an email from their head to inform them of a study taking place. The email notification explains to the students how it would be a great opportunity for them to get involved, given the limited number of students required for the study (Babbie, 2010). The study only required twenty students to act as the respondents. Having received a high level of interest from the students, the head of Villiers High School 6th Form granted them permission. The project overview was structured to be presented at the sixth formers’ assembly on Monday, the 17th day of November 2012. Having been allowed to visit the school, there has been the case of walking in sessions. In this case, students have the freedom to ask the researcher any questions regarding their involvement. Visiting the students within their playground has also been a good way of gaining their participation interest. I could also gain their interests by visiting them in the classes and their scheduled walk. These scheduled walks are usually in sessions, which take place on Thursdays and Fridays, and specifically during lunchtime. In such cases, open discussions and one-to-one sessions about the project are conferred. From such efforts, it was possible to recruit up to 20 students from which I was able to start the project. A team of 20 students was perfect for the project. These 20 students were informed everything to do with their roles. They were issued with conse nt forms after which they were explained about their involvement rights.

Biology1project2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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RISK MANAGEMENT IN ABN AMRO BANK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

RISK MANAGEMENT IN ABN AMRO BANK - Essay Example Credit risk on loans is mitigated by reducing loan limits and exposures to companies that are below investment grade (BBB or UCR1 to UCR3-) levels. Limits are imposed on companies operating in industries that have been given an unfavorable economic outlook. In addition to carrying out a stress test on individual portfolios the company has also sought to mitigate credit risk by hedging in the form of credit default swaps (CDS) (ABN AMRO, 2010, p. ). Furthermore, the company carries out an assessment of the value of its collateral portfolio in order to determine how secured its loans are and therefore the extent of their exposure. Credit officers are given the task of monitoring the quality of ABN AMROs loan portfolio on a regular basis (ABN AMRO 2003, p.8). Credit risk is reported in the form of an analysis according to the industry sector in which the loans are made, the type of loans, with an indication of the carrying amount of the loans. An analysis of its credit exposure and thei r currency status is also given (ABN AMRO 2010, p.68-70). According to Bessis (2002, p15-16) and ABN AMRO (2010, p.71) Country risk is the risk that there are crisis related situations in a country. The causes of country risk in ABN AMRO are that funds or goods cannot be transferred from the country as a result of convertibility and transfer restrictions (ABN AMRO 2003, p. 10). ... 10). According to ABN AMRO (2010, p.94-95), interest rate risk is measured by calculating the net interest income (NII); NII-at-Risk; duration of equity; and VaR. The company monitors interest rate risk by noting the development of the NII under different yield curve scenario to determine the NII- at-Risk. Interest rate risk is mitigated by hedging, in the form of interest rate swaps. The company reports interest rate risk by providing a comparative analysis of the percentage NII-at-Risk; duration of equity in terms of years; and VaR banking book between the current and prior year. Currency risk is measured using VaR. It monitored by comparing short and long positions with limits set by the Group Risk Committee (GRC). Currency risk is mitigated with the use of various hedging strategies such as futures. Foreign currency gains and losses are reported in the Income Statement (ABN AMRO 2010, p.95; 2003, p. 14). According to ABN AMRO (2010, p. 83-84), market risk is measured using VaR an d a wide array of stress tests. Risks are controlled by setting limits for each trade desk and by setting counterparty credit exposure limits. ABN AMRO mitigates this risk by diversifying its risks across geographic locations and industries. Market risk is reported using a graph as well as a comparative analysis of the highest, lowest and average VaR of the current and prior year. Liquidity risk is measured using Loan to Debt (LtD) ratio, stable funding over non-liquid assets ratio (SF/NLA) which is an internally developed ratio and survival period (ABN AMRO 2010, p. 87). In order to mitigate liquidity risk ABN AMRO diversifies its currency and geography and maintains a wide investor base (ABN AMRO 2010, p. 87). A

Anthropology of Food: Essay on Medicinal Cannibalism

Anthropology of Food: Essay on Medicinal Cannibalism Abstract Cannibalism has been a topic of morbid fascination, condemnation, and strong subject of academic and moral argument. Medicinal cannibalism and corpse medicine became a pervasive occurrence in early modern Europe and America. Egyptian mummies pulverized into powder, human flesh of those recently executed and tragically died, fat, blood, skull and moss of the dead mans skull were in high demand by physicians and their patients. Paracelsian chemists and physicians (a notorious medical movement in the late 16th and 17th century based upon theories and therapies of Paracelsus) made very careful removal and use of the entire human corpse. Thomas Willis, Robert Boyle, Charles II of England and a host of affluent gentry and aristocrats actively participated in this practice, along with the lucrative underground world of executioners, merchants, and grave robbers. This essay delves into the facts of medicinal cannibalism, purposed body parts, and healing practices. Introduction In order to understand Medicinal Cannibalism, it is important we first understand what cannibalism is; Cannibalism is the intake or consumption of one’s own species. Medical Cannibalism or the proper term iatric cannibalism is the ritualistic eating of human flesh for purpose of healing the human body. The consumption of mummies and human tissue became a infamous pharmaceutical drug used widely all over the Europe, and were still sold at highly regarded German pharmacies as recent as 1908, and continued to be practiced in the Pacific Ocean islands as late as the second half of the 20th century. Medical Cannibalism was commonplace and hit the peak of popularity during the 16th and 17th centuries. Many European royals, scientists, and clergy commonly ingested medical potions containing human blood, fat, bodily secretions, and bones believed to cure everything from cuts and bruises to seizures. Method So Jesus said to them. Very truly, I tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you†¦ -John 6:53 In order to gain an understanding about the history of medical cannibalism, we need to explore the Christian followers and their gruesome healing practices. In the Christian faith, the correlation between the deceased and the godly has been a elemental part of ceremony and worship. Very early on, flocks of faithful worshippers prayed over the dead martyred saints believing the saints physical remains provided a spiritual connection between man and God. Their decaying bodies and their bodily composition (such as blood, flesh, organs, bones, and secretions) believed to have holy powers to provide miracles of healing and the escape of spiritual and mortal death. These theft and vandalism of these bodies grew so widespread eventually, requiring relocation of the bodies to secure resting places. Stories of these healing miracles continued to be reported by those who prayed or touched these saints corpses: Saint Catherine of Sienas mummified head displayed at the Church of San Domenico in Siena, Italy and is believed to have healing powers. Catherine of Siena was believed to have had performed a healing ritual for a nun dying from breast cancer described as twice forced herself to overcome nausea by thrusting her mouth into the putrefying breast†¦ and drank her pus. (Sugg, 2012) In central Italy, the faithful would pour olive oil over the martyred Saint Felixs through holes in the tomb and collect the oil that had run over his decaying body to anoint the sick. (Sugg, 2012) By the Middle Ages, Christian Europe was no longer satisfied consumption of dead saints, but had grown to also hunger for human bodies. Blood For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it for you on the altar to make atonement for your souls, for it is the blood that makes atonement byt the atonement by the life. -Leviticus 17:11 Human blood believed to contain the essence of spirit and life and through consumption; the bloods life essence is transferred. Regarded as the greatest scientist of his time, Saint Albertus Magus (1206-1280), prescribed a most precious water containing the distilled blood from a healthy man. He declared any disease of the body, if it be anointed therewith, is made whole and all inward diseases by the drinking thereof. A small quantity thereof received, restoreth them that have lost all strength: it cureth the palsy effectuously, and preserveth the body from all sickness. (Sugg, 2012) In 1483, King Louis XI ailing and struggling to live, drank the blood of small children: Every day he grew worse, and the medicines profited him nothing, though of a strange character; for he vehemently hoped to recover by the human blood which he took and swallowed from certain children. (Himmelman, 1997) In 1492, Pope Innocent VIII near death after a violent stroke drank blood drained by his personal physician of three young boys causing their death as well as the unsuccessful healing of the pope resulting in death. The scientific approach to medical practice during the Renaissance triumphed over the faith-based healing of the past creating great advancements in chemistry. biology, and medicine. Oddly enough, medicinal cannibalism reached the peak of popularity and the art of alchemy. Decay is the beginning of all birth-and of all health -Paracelsus Alchemic philosophy of corpse medicine was uncomplicated: through decomposition, old matter transformed into raw material once again. Refinement of human organic matter is the base of the essence of life. Theophorastus Bombastus von Honenheim (1491-1541) Early literature is full of revelations pertaining to the potent medicinal power in the beneficial healing of an individuals ailments. The text and medical studies of medicinal cannibalism and corpse pharmacology, reveals the commonplace practice of ingesting human bodily matter and reveals a culture preoccupied. According to early literature (980-1037), the ingestion of mummies was the preparation that could cure epilepsy, nausea, colds, and the antidote of poison. By the late sixteenth century, the ingestion of mummies became a renowned pharmaceutical drug used widely all over the Europe, and were still sold at reputable German pharmacies as recent as 1908.[i] Further, ingestion of human bodies was practiced in many of the islands in the Pacific Ocean until the second half of the twentieth century. The question necessarily occurs: what’s good about it? Ingestion of human bodies is not necessarily an appealing notion even to the people in the sixteenth century. When one is prescribed a half a pound of mummy dust by a doctor as a remedy for a cold, it sounds like the risk isn’t worth taking, for one could ask many questions such as, ‘For how long do I need to take it?’ or more obviously, ‘Does that work?’ and so on. Dwelling deeper, can one consume anot her being of the same species? What would its moral implication be? Apparently, these are types of questions that were asked and have been asked by those who promoted medicinal ingestion of flesh as well as the deliberate act of cannibalism. In this paper, I will examine the types of cannibalisms as well as ways to prepare human flesh, discuss the theoretical and practical implications of cannibalism and briefly touch upon the alleged relationship between cannibalism and witchcraft in early modern Europe. If you havent read much about ancient Egyptian mummies, you may be shocked to learn that in centuries past, they were ground up into a fine powder dispensed by pharmacists to be topically applied or orally ingested as a treatment for ailments as diverse as upset stomach, gout, and epilepsy. Mumia (or mummia) was 1st prepared in the 12th c., was in common use by the 15th c., and reached great popularity by the 17th c. Mummy is become merchandise, Mizraim cures wounds, and Pharaoh is sold for balsams, wrote Sir Thomas Browne in 1841. Mummy powder was in such demand that the supply of ancient Egyptians slowed and contemporary corpses were substituted. Mumia was still available as recently as the early 20th c. Fast forward to 2012, when scientists are again looking to mummy as a cure. They fear that our (over)use of antibiotics has ravaged our intestinal flora, which in turn has changed our metabolism, damaging our immune system and contributing to obesity. Cecil Lewis of the University of Oklahoma is comparing the bacteria in the poop of ancient mummies who lived before the age of antibiotics to our own gut bacteria so they can figure out what has changed. My first hypothesis would be that chlorinated water and antibiotics fundamentally changed human microbiomes, says Dr. Lewis, who adds, Its too early to tell if its a good idea to repopulate our guts with bacteria. But its certainly an important idea that requires investigation. And presumably a more sophisticated method than ingesting mumia 1st image) An apothecary vessel inscribed MUMIÆ once contained powdered mummy and is now a specimen in the pharmacy collection of the Museums fà ¼r Hamburgische Geschichte, 2nd image) Alisa Eagleston and Elizabeth Cornu, conservators from the San Francisco Fine Arts Museum, cover the 2,500-year-old mummy of an Egyptian man named Irethorrou after being scanned at the Stanford Medical Center. These are some of the many posts I have written about ancient Egypt, if you care to read on: Ancient Egyptian perfume, Rediscovery of ancient Egypt, Raiding ancient Egypt, Ancient Egyptian finds, The nurse and the sphinx, Mummy toes, Ramesses repatriation, Mummies guarded, The mummies in question, and Egyptian obelisks elsewhere. Noble’s new book,Medicinal Cannibalism in Early Modern English Literature and Culture, and another by Richard Sugg of England’s University of Durham,Mummies, Cannibals and Vampires: The History of Corpse Medicine from the Renaissance to the Victorians, reveal that for several hundred years, peaking in the 16th and 17th centuries, many Europeans, including royalty, priests and scientists, routinely ingested remedies containing human bones, blood and fat as medicine for everything from headaches to epilepsy. There were few vocal opponents of the practice, even though cannibalism in the newly explored Americas was reviled as a mark of savagery. Mummies were stolen from Egyptian tombs, and skulls were taken from Irish burial sites. Gravediggers robbed and sold body parts. Bibliography Dolan, M. (2012). The Gruesome History of Earing Corpses as Medicine History . Retrieved from Smithsonianmag.com: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-gruesome-history-of-eating-corpses-as-medicine Gordon-Grube, K. (1993). Evidence of Medicinal Callnibalism in Puritan New England: Mummy and Related Remidies. Early American Literature , 28, p. 185. Himmelman, P. (1997). The Medicinal Body: An Analysis of Medicinal Cannibalism in Europe, 1300-1700. Dialectical Anthropology , 22, p. 183. Noble, L. (2011). Medicinal Cannibalism in Early Modern English Literature and Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillian. Peters, H. (1899). Pictorial History of Ancient Pharmacy: With Sketches of Early Medical Practice. Chicago: G.T. Engelhart Company. Sugg, R. (2012). Mummies, Cannibals and Vampires: The History of Corpse Medicine From the Renaissance to the Victorians. Hoboken: Taylor Francis. The entries have these elements: author(s); year of publication; title; and source (publisher for books, and title of journal for reports or articles). Book titles are underlined; titles of articles are in quotation marks; journal titles are italicized. The journal title is followed by the volume number, then the number within the volume (or the month or season, depending upon the journals style) in parentheses, and then the page numbers. Citing Internet Sources There differing styles and no standard for citing Internet sources. Check with your instructor about whether your institution has a preferred style. In the absence of one, use the following style, which is adapted from the periodical reference mentioned earlier: [Author Last Name, First Name]. [Year]. [Web Page Title]. [Website title or owner]. [Website URL] (accessed [Date accessed]). [i] Shirley Lindenbaum, â€Å"Thinking about Cannibalism† Annual Reviews vol. 33 (2004): 475-498. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25064862 (accessed January 20, 2010). International Economics: Trade And Tariffs International Economics: Trade And Tariffs INTRODUCTION: International economics is becoming a major part of existing societies because of the rapid changes occurring in economic markets. As days are passing by, governments, consumers, business etc have started realizing that this economic change from their own group, society, city or country is not the only region its the effect of the dynamic world which is taking part as well. Consumers walk in the local shops and buy products grown in their own country as well as products grown in other countries. Local businesses have to compete with international markets and similarly they can bolster their fair share by selling their home grown products internationally as well in this Global time. Advancement of Telecommunications is becoming a key factor in this global world as it eases the cost of delivering products internationally. Internet is playing its part as it increases the wide view of markets even more. Easiest way to understand the rising of international economic growth is to consider the growth of exports in the past 50 years or so, assuming that one countrys export would definitely be another countrys import; one can easily tell the significant amount of rise in the exports and imports in the past 50 years. World Exports, 1948-2008 (in Billions of U.S. Dollars) On the other hand, growth in the value of exports, itself, doesnt show the importance of trade. A better method is to look at the share of traded goods in relation to the size of the world economy shows world exports as a percentage of the world gross domestic product (GDP) for the years 1970 to 2008. World exports which were just 10 percent in 1970 took its time till 2008 but the percentage grew from 10% to 30%. World Exports, 1970-2008 (Percentage of World GDP) However, as the growth in International trade and investment became more significant, trade barriers started moving steadily downwards. Just after the World War era, GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) constantly tried to convince the member countries to reduce tariffs (import tax) on imported goods. Countries kept on reducing the tax on imports asking for concession in import tax for their products among the member countries until the final round of meeting which is known as Uruguay Round held recently in 1994 where Global Trade Liberalization extended its sphere even more. After that round countries would now not only lower their tariff rates but would liberalize agricultural and services sectors alongside setting up a quota system for the multifibre agreement in clothing sector which was one of the hottest issue in the earlier era. WTO (World Trade Organization) was established in order to keep these agreements improving on regular terms and to keep discussing on further development in Trade sector and to settle down the disputes among the countries on trade. By the end of 2009, there were 153 member countries of WTO Trade Liberalization Club, and many others are pushing to become a part of WTO. This willingness of other countries to join the liberalization club is only making Free Trade phenomena easier. Another good result has come from the regional free trade agreements. Neighbouring countries or close trade partners have taken a step further and started free trading which indicates a better future for WTO and even though it is done on the grounds of trade it still resembles the basic ideology of WTO. These changes in economic patterns and a new way towards free trading is becoming a fundamental bridge for Globalization. Globalization means social, economic, cultural and environmental changes which are connecting people all over the world. Since the growing economics aspects of globalization, it is really important to understand the affects of global market over business, consumers and governments. This leads us to study International Economics. LITERATURE REVIEW: What is International Economics? International Economics is the study that assesses the propositions of International Trade, International Finance and International Lending and Borrowing. It has two major subfields, International Trade and International Finance. Our main focus in this research is over International Trade. What is International Trade? International Trade is a field in economics which implements certain economic models in order to assess international economy. It basically works on understanding supply and demand breakdown of International Markets; firm and consumer relation; oligopolistic and monopolistic market structures; and the effects of market distortions. What is Tariff? Tariff is the tax on import that a government imposes on imported goods. It is the most common way to protect ones economy is to introduce tariffs on imports. Sometimes this term tariff is used in different contexts as well for example rail road tariffs but generally more significantly used in tax on imports. Tariffs are the most common way to generate revenue for the government for centuries. It is the case because it is relatively easy to put custom duty on goods coming from other countries and administratively it is one of the easiest ways to collect tax. Countries simply place their officials at their borders and apply custom duty over the trading goods. High value of tariffs may give birth to smuggling and people finding ways to get their goods without paying taxes but even ignoring the fact that smuggling does take place, countries generate enough revenue for their governments through tariffs. Every business man wants the trade to be liberalized, by this trade liberalization they mean to reduce the tariffs which will make them bring international goods in a cheaper price. Governments resist reducing the tariffs to protect their home grown goods, if international products would come cheap, businesses would have option to get imported products resulting in deduction in home grown products which leads to job hazard or unemployment. Protectionism? Protectionism simply means protecting home grown goods against imported goods. High tariffs indicates the protection towards home grown products as if the tariffs would be low, businesses would be encouraged to get more goods from international markets rather than home grown goods. There was a time in mid 20th century when countries used to generate funds for governments by keeping high tariffs on imports. However as trade liberalization took place, other types of non-tariff barriers came into existence as well. RECENT TRADE CONTROVERSIES: In the middle of 2009, world was down to the biggest economic down pull since the early 1980s. Economic growth was going down and the unemployment all over was rising. International trade fell down all over the world and the investment both domestically and internationally took a downturn. As the economic condition unfolded, there was a similarity between this recession and the Great Depression of 1930s. One of the biggest concerns was that countries might turn back to protectionism to raise job opportunities for domestic workers. That is exactly what countries did during the period of Great Depression and it came up as a negative effect for many of them. This amplitude of negative feeling is nothing new in this current era as it has been coming since the Great Depression between the supporters and opponents of the trade liberalization on Policymaking. Even though trade advocates have successfully opened free trade markets, trade opponents have also been successful in shutting down t rade markets. Its like going three steps forward and coming back 2 steps. AMBIVILENCE ABOUT GLOBALIZATION: Realistically speaking, ambivalence about trade and globalization occurred in decade of 1990s and 2000s. Even though in this period there was a buzz of protests and opposition about free trade theories and going global, this was the time when remarkable movements of freer trade occurred. Trade Liberalization was at its peak in 1980s. Major success of some of the countries that had outward-economies like South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ linked with the countries which were having inward-economies such as Latin America, Africa, India, and elsewhere led to a resurgence of support for trade. Future of trade liberalization is in the hands of time for now, it seems like if this crises is to be ended soon then we might see trade liberalization going to its peak again, but if it continued for a longer period of time, then countries might adopt protectionism in order to raise work for domestic worker which would be a killer for trade liberalization for some time to come. Economic crises have led in favor of protectionism in the past but that protectionism didnt bolster the economies, it rather did little good and worst the effect of depression as can be understood by the period of Great Depression. Current scenario may have little hopes for trade liberalization as history is opting to repeat itself. DISCUSSION: The Great Depression, Smoot-Hawley, and the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA): The greatest historical motivator for trade liberalization since the World War II was the period of Great Depression. The disaster apparently began with crash of US Stock Market in late 1929. It imminently pulled the world economy in an extremely rapid pace. By 1930, the US economy had shrink by 8.6 percent and the unemployment rate jumped to 8.9 percent. With this contraction, came an alarming call for protectionism for domestic goods against the internationally bought imported goods. In May 1930, almost 1028 economists signed a petition against the rising tariff and marched a campaign towards President Hoover of that time. Despite of this petition signed by so many economists, in June 1930 came the Smooth-Hawley Act (tariff Act of 1930) which almost rose up to 60 percent of import duties. Due to the fact that not only US was suffering from the economic crises, international exporters who were doing business with US were also suffering from economic crises chose to introduced their own increase in tariffs to save their own domestic economy in retaliation. It effected in a dramatic drop in trade among the countries and added even worst effect to the ongoing depression. In following years, economic crises grew even worst. The US economy continued to contract at double digits and by the year 1933 the unemployment rate raised up to 24.9 percent. In 1932, Franklyn Roosevelt ran for the President and spoke against the high tariffs. By the year 1934 a new scheme accepting the advantages of trade liberalization was introduced. It was Congress that passed the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Acts (RTAA) which allowed the president to negotiate bilateral tariff reduction agreements over different products. It worked as President of US would send his agents to say Mexico and introduce a reduced tariff rates to the products brought in US and in place ask them to reduce tariffs on different set of products that could be taken from US. Once the agreement is done by the government trade could get started. Thats exactly what happened, and it pushed the wheel for trade again. Over 60 bilateral deals were placed and accepted among different countries under RTAA which set the platform for trade liberalization for decades to come. SIGNIFICANCE OF RTAA: RTAA is considered significant for two reasons. First one has to be that it was the first time US Congress granted access of Trade Authorities directly to the President for the Trade Policymaking. Secondly it served as the basis for the foundation of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). Under GATT countries would also discuss about getting concession in tariffs rather than only doing bilateral trade among the members of GATT. That was the main difference in GATT and RTAA that RTAA only worked in a bilateral Trade form while GATT worked in a multilateral trade form. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT): What is GATT? General Agreement for Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provided the basic trade rules and solution in dispute over trades among the members from 1948 to 1994. It was one of the three Breton Woods Organizations came into existence after the World War II. Its goal was to promote trade liberalization by reducing high tariffs. In reality, General Agreement for Tariffs and Trade (GATT) wasnt meant to be organized as a standalone body. It was a part of a much wider agreement to establish International Trade Organization (ITO). Intentions of ITO were to assign trade rules and supportive guidelines that would help member countries to do trade. The ITO was conceived during the Breton Woods conference attended by the main allied countries in New Hampshire in 1944 and was seen as complementary to two other organizations also conceived there: the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The IMF would monitor and regulate the international fixed exchange rate system, the World Bank would assist with loans for reconstruction and development, and the ITO would regulate international trade. What was the Goal of GATT? General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) as the name suggests consists of the clauses which makes members agree on a similar set of trade policies that suits the trading parties. Basic goal was to introduce some set of rules for trade, that would be helpful in bringing up trade liberalization and thus end up in reducing trade barriers. Countries that make these commitments and sign on to the agreement are called signatory countries. All the discussions that take place before the agreement are referred to as rounds. Each round is given a name according to the location it takes place or to a prominent figure taking place in that round. There were eight rounds of negotiation under the GATT: Geneva Round (1948), Annecy Round (1950), Torque Round (1951), Geneva II Round (1956), Dillon Round (1962), Kennedy Round (1967), Tokyo Round (1979), and Uruguay Round (1994) The most important note was that agreements were made by mutual consent. A round finishes only when every negotiating country is satisfied with the promises it and all of its negotiating partners are making. The slogan sometimes used is Nothing Is Agreed until Everything Is Agreed. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO): World Trade Organization (WTO) was established to Liberalize International Trade and supervises some set rules. It actually replaced the work done by General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). WTO was established in January 1 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement. Its goals are exactly the same as of (GATT) to promote trade liberalization. It is relatively a small body based in Geneva having a director general and a small staff of economists, lawyers and others. WTO is sometimes taken as a Trade Law making body, and that is wrong, because it doesnt make any trade laws. It follows the set of rules described in Uruguay Round and each country has to decide their own trade rules. What it does is, it settles down the negotiations between the member countries and solves the disputes as it may require. Besides monitoring each member countrys trade policies, which the WTO fulfils by conducting periodic trade policy reviews of the member countries, the WTO club was also created to deal with disputes. This is surely the most important power of the WTO. CONCLUSION: Since the WTO began in 1995 there have been over four hundred disputes brought to the DSB. Large number countries have been complainants and defendants although the two countries most often on one side or the other are the United States and the EU. Some of the most well-known disputes have involved bananas, steel, hormone-treated beef, and commercial aircraft. Lesser-known cases have involved narrow product groups such as Circular Welded Carbon Quality Line Pipe, Canned Tuna with Soybean Oil, Combed Cotton Yarn, and Retreaded Tires. Traders know better what to expect from their trading partners because their partners have committed themselves to particular trade policies and to a resolution mechanism in the event of noncompliance. In a sense, then, it is true that the WTO agreements restrict the freedom of a country to set whatever trade policy it deems appropriate for the moment. That loss of sovereignty, though, is designed to prevent countries from choosing more destructive protectionist policiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ policies that are very seductive to voters, especially in an economic crisis. If successful, the WTO could prevent a reoccurrence of Smoot-Hawley and its aftermath both now and in the future.

Of Mice And Men - The Importance Of George :: essays research papers

Even from the very start of John Steinbeck’s novel, Of Mice and Men, the uniqueness of George, as a character, is already noticeable. He is described as â€Å"small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp strong features† and has an obvious dominance over the relationship between Lennie and himself. This lets the reader know from a very early stage in the book that George is different, and probably the essential character. George’s character seems to be used by Steinbeck to reflect the major themes of the novel: loneliness, prejudice, the importance of companionship, the danger of devoted companionships, and the harshness of Californian ranch life. George’s relationship with Lennie has made him selfless; his conversations, with and with out Lennie, are generally revolving around Lennie, although in the case of their dream-ranch George seems to find fulfilment for himself as well. Due to these altruistic tendencies that he shows throughout the novel, a danger is bestowed upon George; he tends to care for Lennie far too much, and too little for himself. In occasional moments, he escapes his sympathy and compassion for Lennie, and realises the burden that he causes. This usually results in George taking his frustration out on Lennie, which can often harm his simple mind, leaving Lennie upset and forced to confess to his own uselessness, and George feeling guilty for what he has caused. We can learn very little about George through his actual conversations, which made it necessary for Steinbeck to focus the novel on him in particular, and let the reader gain an closer insight on him through his actions. Generally, he seems t o be caring, intelligent and sensible, but is greatly worn by the constant attention Lennie requires. This illustrates a major theme in Of Mice and Men, the dangers that arise when one becomes involved in a dedicated relationship. Despite the frustration that Lennie causes, without him George would probably be a lot like the other men on the ranch; simply roaming the country-side of California looking for work, and although he often prides himself on being different, he sometimes complains, usually after Lennie has caused trouble, and wishes that he could be like a normal guy and not have to live with Lennie’s hindrance. An example of this is seen when George responds sharply to Lennie's constant request for ketchup. "If I was alone I could live so easy†¦no trouble†¦no mess at all.

Mary Shelley’s classic novel Essay

The second narrator we come to is Victor, who is also the central character in the novel. To begin with, Victor is adored by almost everyone: his parents; his siblings; the servants (Justine) and his teachers. For example, he makes this quote about his parents: â€Å"I was their plaything, their idol, and something better-their child†¦ † Even Walton describes him, as a â€Å"Celestial Spirit† who has â€Å"never-failing power of judgement† it is obvious that he is loved. The reader knows that this particular quote is only half true, as Victor has made some very poor judgements in the past. The reader can interpret this to achieve and open minded view of Victor and shows the imperfections and limitations of Walton. For example he must have very poor judgement to be able to describe Victor thus. The reader feels ambivalent to Victor. He is portrayed as a typical Byronic hero, a tragic, brooding hero whose personality traits make him great and powerful but also lead to his destruction. Walton describes his as † a noble creature in his better days, being even now in wreck so attractive and amiable†. He has a â€Å"thirst for knowledge† with a child’s blindness†-a dangerous combination. This is also a trait, which we see in Walton. Whilst he is buried in his work he neglects everything else, leading him to become isolated. Victor is partially aware of his faults or else unable to admit them. His ambition and passion for glory seem to be his own worst enemies. This idea is re-enforced by the quote â€Å"when younger, I believed myself destined for some great enterprise†¦ † he then goes on to describe his passion whilst creating the monster and his â€Å"senseless curiosity. † However, he still blames others for his downfall. He like Walton sees himself as a victim, the implication being that he swears to â€Å"pursue the demon, which caused this misery†. This he says without realising it was him who caused the monster to act as such. He seems to feel that fate was inevitable but he hypocritically believes Walton can change his by warning him against ambition. Although he blames the monster for his downfall, Victor alternately blames himself for the deaths of William and Justine. He also seems to believe in destiny and divine judgement, yet has no guilt over grave robbing to create his monster and believes him destined for happiness even though he has sinned. This leads us to believe that Victor is full of self-contradiction. Our feelings alter towards Victor throughout the novel. From chapter five onwards we see him as a lonely spirit, plagued by sorrow and remorse. This creates pity and in keeping the monster a secret, tension. Yet, when we meet the monster, we realise that Victor has not faced up to his responsibilities and we dislike and feel critical of him. Towards the end of the novel we dislike and pity both of them. Victor is portrayed as a typical Byronic hero right until his death. His tragic demise is very Romantic, the quote â€Å"I have myself been blasted in these hopes, yet another may succeed† as he parts from the world implies that he has the Romantic hope that some may succeed in ambition where he has failed. He cannot abandon his noble character, even in the face of death. Towards the middle of the novel, the monster relates his story and becomes the third narrator. Constructed from parts of corpses, Victor achieves the impossible by bringing him to life. Victor describes his appearance as such: â€Å"his yellow skin scarcely covered the muscles and arteries beneath; his lustrous black hair; teeth of pearly whiteness; watery eyes; shrivelled complexion; and straight black lips. † This description of his gruesome appearance fills the reader with both disgust and pity. His physical strength is greatly enhanced, subsequently making him invulnerable to anything but a violent death. This is how he is able to survive the dreadful conditions of the North Pole. Fitting in with his monstrous appearance, Shelley uses satanic imagery to depict the creature’s emotions, for instance, he says, â€Å"I bore a hell within me. † Victor also calls him â€Å"demon† and â€Å"devil† at various points in the novel. This emotive language describing the monster implies that he is an evil and demonic character who deserves to be hunted and feared. He seems to enjoy the murders of William and Justine, as if it justifies in some way, Victor’s neglect and hatred of him. He is only satisfied when he reduces Victor to complete despair, the same level as himself. Evidence of this is when Frankenstein has sworn to hunt the monster, he quotes â€Å"I am satisfied: miserable wretch! You have determined to live and I am satisfied. † His merciless killing of Clerval is the consequence of Victor’s destruction of his half finished female companion. He seeks to destroy Victor emotionally and mentally, rather than physically at first. This massacre of Frankenstein’s family and his fury are the result of the creature’s loneliness and rejection. He begins life as an innocent creature; a theory held by many philosophers at the time the novel was written, including Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He influenced the young Mary Shelley in his novel Emile. His natural attraction to humans and child-like wonder at the world around him excites our attention and evokes sympathy as we realise he is just like an innocent child struggling through the world alone. This great appreciation of nature, society and literature is evidence that the Romantic Movement influenced Shelley’s writing too. We see goodness in him when he collects wood for the DeLacey’s and saves a girl from drowning. The DeLacy family call him the â€Å"good spirit†, a total contrast from the imagery Shelley first describes him with. Our sympathy is again evoked with his desire for friendship and the prejudice he suffers from. The barrier between the monster and humans is ugliness, and the way in which Shelley writes reminds the reader of how cruel we ourselves are and makes us feel guilty. In being blind, DeLacy can accept him for who he is, but when this dream is shattered; Victor is his only hope at fulfilling his demand for a companion, subsequently providing justice, which Victor denies. The way he is mistreated turns him from an innocent creature into a vindictive, bloodthirsty monster. The three narrators are described by each other in great detail to help us understand more clearly their personalities and their characters. As the novel deals with some rather fantastical, disturbing ideas, it is understandably difficult to comprehend. However, the use of three narrators helps the reader to understand the complex ideas and breaks the novel down into sections which helps us to appreciate the complicated time and structure. It also shows us a more open-minded view of the characters. We see things from one perspective that we would not see from another, and therefore are able to independently have an opinion of the characters. Although I found the language and structure of the novel hard to comprehend, I did enjoy reading the novel and it has influenced the way in which I view the world, and brought awareness against ambition and isolation.

Free Essays on Taoism And Confucianism

Confucianism and Taoism In a world conflicted with crime, hatred, and the doings of a radical generation x, now more than ever, we should look toward the fundamental schools of thought of the Chinese: Confucianism and Taoism. Fundamentally sound, the principles of Confucianism emphasize an individual’s responsibility to act purposefully and sensibly, while its sister philosophy, Taoism, stresses the joyful acceptance of life and an appreciation for the natural world. Though both are significant in their own respects, Confucianism should become an essential part of all our lives. Hard work, education, and ethics were once prominent beliefs families of all backgrounds enforced, but with the help of modernization, pop culture, and Reality TV, these fundamental ideals seem to dissipate with each passing day. Though pop culture claims to educate its audience, its twenty-four hour marathon of mindless sex, violence, and strife do just the opposite. We’ve moved on, past days of huddling around t he television set with our family watching â€Å"Leave it to Beaver† in order to submerge ourselves into a froth of meaningless entertainment, a generation of â€Å"Celebrities Uncensored†, â€Å"Blind Date†, and unequivocally the most demeaning and second rate series ever to come on television, Reality TV. Coupled with a deteriorating economy, lead by crooked businessmen and politicians, the demand for two working parents creates a void in our generation between knowing what’s right and wrong and more so, caring about the difference. As a country, we pride ourselves in our diversity, yet we can’t seem to separate the difference between an arab and terrorist. Both socially and mentally critical, ethics and morality affect us daily. More than his preachings for learning, Confucious urges a simple, but Taoism’s focus on the natural world and happiness with life is important also, but the elementary basics of being human, morality and a... Free Essays on Taoism And Confucianism Free Essays on Taoism And Confucianism Confucianism and Taoism In a world conflicted with crime, hatred, and the doings of a radical generation x, now more than ever, we should look toward the fundamental schools of thought of the Chinese: Confucianism and Taoism. Fundamentally sound, the principles of Confucianism emphasize an individual’s responsibility to act purposefully and sensibly, while its sister philosophy, Taoism, stresses the joyful acceptance of life and an appreciation for the natural world. Though both are significant in their own respects, Confucianism should become an essential part of all our lives. Hard work, education, and ethics were once prominent beliefs families of all backgrounds enforced, but with the help of modernization, pop culture, and Reality TV, these fundamental ideals seem to dissipate with each passing day. Though pop culture claims to educate its audience, its twenty-four hour marathon of mindless sex, violence, and strife do just the opposite. We’ve moved on, past days of huddling around t he television set with our family watching â€Å"Leave it to Beaver† in order to submerge ourselves into a froth of meaningless entertainment, a generation of â€Å"Celebrities Uncensored†, â€Å"Blind Date†, and unequivocally the most demeaning and second rate series ever to come on television, Reality TV. Coupled with a deteriorating economy, lead by crooked businessmen and politicians, the demand for two working parents creates a void in our generation between knowing what’s right and wrong and more so, caring about the difference. As a country, we pride ourselves in our diversity, yet we can’t seem to separate the difference between an arab and terrorist. Both socially and mentally critical, ethics and morality affect us daily. More than his preachings for learning, Confucious urges a simple, but Taoism’s focus on the natural world and happiness with life is important also, but the elementary basics of being human, morality and a...

Perkins Loan Forgiveness How Does it Work

Perkins Loan Forgiveness How Does it Work SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When you take out a loan, the expectation is that you'll pay back all the money you've borrowed (plus interest, of course). It usually takes pretty catastrophic circumstances for a federal student loan to be canceled, like your school shutting down before you can get your degree. The Perkins loan program is different, in a good way - it offers loan forgiveness/cancellation in a wide variety of other, happier circumstances. In an effort to encourage graduates to pursue certain public service careers, the loan program offers loan forgiveness, or cancellation, to borrowers in certain professions. If you have a Perkins loan and enter one of the fields I outline below, you could have up to 100% of your loan canceled. Read on to learn more about cancellation eligibility the loan cancellation process! How Does Perkins Loan Cancellation Work? If you decide you'd like to work in public service after you graduate from college, you can apply to get your Perkins loans canceled at a specific rate on an annual basis. The exact public service jobs eligible for cancellation will be discussed in the next section. If you work at a particular job for a long enough period, you could get up to 100% of your loans canceled. The chart below outlines the annual rates of loan cancellation for almost all eligible borrowers; you'll notice that 5 years of working = 100% loan cancellation. You'll note in the next section, however, that not all professions qualify borrowers for 5 full years of loan cancellation rates. Annual cancellation rates for VISTA/Peace Corps volunteers are slightly different: 15% for the first and second years, and 20% for the third and fourth years, for a total of 70% maximum cancellation. Year Worked % of Loan Canceled First Year 15 Second Year 15 Third Year 20 Fourth Year 20 Fifth Year 30 If you're working at a job that would qualify you for loan forgiveness, your school should defer your loans. This means that interest won't accrue and you won't have to make monthly payments before your loan undergoes cancellation. Then, if you apply for loan cancellation and are approved, your loans will be forgiven at the rates described above. All in all, it's pretty simple! Eligibility: When Do You Qualify for Forgiveness? There are many different professions and career paths that qualify for Perkins loan cancellation. Although you may not know exactly what you want to do when you graduate, you might have an idea of what jobs might (or might not) be congruent with your professional goals and interests. Hopefully, the following information will help you decide whether it's right for you to pursue a cancellation-eligible path. The following chart outlines all post-graduation jobs you could take in order to qualify for loan cancellation. Most are eligible for 100% cancellation, if you work at that job long enough (refer to the chart I posted in the previous section for annual rates of cancellation). The best thing to do if you have any questions about this chart would be to contact your school's loan office or loan servicer. Cancellation Condition Amount Forgiven Borrower’s total and permanent disability or death 100% Bankruptcy (rare; bankruptcy court would have to rule that repayment is an undue hardship) 100% Closed school (before student could complete program of study) 100% Service in the US armed forces in a hostile fire or imminent danger pay area Up to 50% if service ended before 8/14/2008 Up to 100% if service began on or after 8/14/2008 Full-time firefighter* Up to 100% Full-time law enforcement or corrections officer Up to 100% Full-time nurse or medical technician Up to 100% VISTA or Peace Corps Volunteer Up to 70% Librarian with a master’s degree working in a Title-I eligible elementary or secondary school or in a public library setting serving Title-I eligible schools* Up to 100% Full-time attorney employed in a federal public or community defender organization* Up to 100% Full-time employee of a public or nonprofit child- or family-services agency providing services to high-risk children and their families from low-income communities Up to 100% Full-time staff member in the education component of a Head Start program Up to 100% Full-time staff member in a pre-k or child care program that is licensed or regulated by a state* Up to 100% Full-time qualified professional provider of early intervention services for the disabled Up to 100% Full-time speech pathologist with a master’s degree working in a Title-I eligible elementary school or secondary school* Up to 100% Full-time special education teacher of children with disabilities in a public or other nonprofit elementary or secondary school Up to 100% Full-time teacher of math, science, foreign languages, bilingual education, or other fields designated as teacher shortage areas Up to 100% Full-time special education teacher of children with disabilities in an educational service agency* Up to 100% Full-time teacher in a designated educational service agency serving students from low-income families* Up to 100% Full-time faculty member at a tribal college or university* Up to 100% *For service that includes 8/14/2008, or began on or after that date. How Do You Apply for Perkins Loan Forgiveness? Have you gone through the above chart, and come to the conclusion that you may be eligible for Perkins loan cancellation at some point? That's great news! The process through which you actually apply for loan cancellation is pretty simple, but it requires you maintain a good channel of communication with your school. Perkins loans may be government-backed, but your Perkins loan lender will actually be your school, not the federal government. If you want to get your loan forgiven, and you think you're eligible based on the eligibility circumstances described above, you have to apply for cancellation with your school. You should get annual forms for loan cancellation from the school where your Perkins loan was received; check in with your school's student loan or financial aid office about when and how to get these forms. After you graduate, you should contact your school at the beginning and end of each year to notify them about where, and in what subject area, you are working. This is important because you don't want to end up with any unpleasant surprises; if you thought you were working a job that you believed would qualify you for loan forgiveness, but didn't check in to confirm with your lender, you might find that you don't actually qualify. If you take away one piece of advice from this section, it's that you should actively communicate with your school about how and when you can arrange Perkins loan cancellation. As with most things in life, open communication with your school is the best policy when it comes to arranging for loan cancellation. How to Make the Most of Your Perkins Loans Perkins loans come with a lot of built-in perks, which obviously include options for cancellation. Even if you're not sure whether you'll pursue a cancellation-eligible career in public service, you can still take steps to make the most of your Perkins loans. They don't accrue interest while you're in school, and the 5% interest rate is competitive (especially when compared to many private loans, with interest rates closer to 10%). In order to take advantage of the Perkins loan program, you just need to think ahead! Here are some tips and strategies to help you do just that. By your senior year, ask yourself whether it's likely that you'll end up working a cancellation-eligible job. If you think you'll hold any of the positions described in the big chart above within the next 8-10 years, consider how long you'd be willing to work in that position to get part or all of your loans canceled. Estimate how much Perkins loan debt you'll actually graduate with. If you'll graduate with a larger amount of Perkins loan debt, it might be a financially savvy option to seek out a cancellation-eligible position, even if you only cancel 15-30%. If your Perkins loan debt is relatively small, and you're not interested in a public service job or career, it might not be worth it to you to work a cancellation-eligible job post-graduation. Are you already on track to become a teacher, librarian, health care professional, or attorney? Even if your long-term career goals don’t involve working in a non-profit or public agency, starting off in a loan cancellation-eligible position could save you a lot of money in the long run (depending on your debt and, of course, professional interests and aspirations). Don't consolidate your Perkins loans. If you think you might qualify someday for loan cancellation, don't consolidate your Perkins loans - you'll lose loan cancellation options. If you're fairly certain you won't ever qualify for cancellation, and you can consolidate at a better interest rate, it might be a good financial move. Is working in public service a good fit for your long-term goals, both professional and financial? It's important to weight the pros and cons. What's Next? Perkins loan cancellation sounds pretty great, right? Learn more about Perkins loans and how to get one here. Even if you don't qualify for a Perkins loan, there are other federal student aid programs that could help you pay for school. Check out our guides on Pell Grants, Direct Unsubsidized loans, and Direct Subsidized loans. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Green Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Green Power - Essay Example In a similar fashion, using nuclear energy requires Uranium mining, which is reportedly a serious health hazard. Evidently, solar energy is far more popular than nuclear energy for its proclaimed environment-friendly nature, and hence, a rule utilitarian will argue that the uranium proposal be summarily rejected. A perfect example is Governor Bill Ritter who is against Uranium mining (227). According to the tenets of rule utilitarianism, an action is justifiable as far as it follows a general rule that makes common good in normal circumstances. However, in the given case, one can see that the request by Lane Douglas, the Powertech Uranium spokesperson, for a â€Å"fair hearing† is not irrational. This is so because though nuclear energy is normally abhorred, in the present case, the solar energy project will produce cadmium which is no less dangerous than uranium. According to act utilitarianism, an action is just if it produces maximum good in a given situation, and adherence to any general rule is not important. If that is the case, Powertech Uranium requires as much attention as AVA gets. In other words, â€Å"company proposal be judged on facts, not prejudice† (227). In such cases, engineers have many different responsibilities arising out of moral responsibility, personal morality, and professional morality. Based on their personal and professional integrity, engineers have the responsibility to be honest in disclosing the issues associated with the use of cadmium and uranium. As the case reveals, there are serious environmental and health issues associated with the use of both uranium and cadmium, and technology is not developed enough to handle both the cases. Evidently, it is possible to argue that as an employee, an engineer has the professional responsibility to promote the interests of his company. However, this professional interest should not supersede the moral responsibility. At this point, it is wise to utilize the Golden Rule to analyze

Approaches to Quality Management Discussed here six thought leaders Essay

Approaches to Quality Management Discussed here six thought leaders who had a lasting impact on quality management practices thr - Essay Example The historical backgrounds of quality gurus, development of interests in quality, and their contributions to total quality management are also elaborated. The research used secondary methodology in collecting data. Data collected was analyzed using qualitative data analysis. Key words: total quality management, quality gurus, organization, contributions Introduction to the Topic During the 1960s, concerns about widespread global competitiveness forced most companies to show new interests in total quality management (Goetsch & Davis, 2013). The leading six quality gurus who augmented interests in quality management included Crosby, Deming, Feigenbaum, Ishikawa, Juran and Taguchi. These gurus were active consultants, lecturers, and authors with several years of experience. Most of the quality gurus were at advanced ages and widely influenced the growth of industries through development of distinctive approaches to total quality management. Total quality management philosophy seeks to i ntegrate all organizational functions to focus on meeting customer needs and company objectives (Summers, 2009). Examples of organizational functions include marketing, customer service, engineering, finance, design, and production. It is critical for all organizations to comprehend the contributions of quality gurus and institute their ideas into business operations to enhance performance. Research Methodology The data collection method for this study was secondary methodology. This methodology involved collecting data from already available datasets and researches done by other people. The sources of secondary data the researcher considered include companies’ publications, journals, periodicals and books that have been published under the subject of total quality management. Secondary methodology was advantageous because it helped reduce the costs of research such as finances, time, and facilities. The researcher selected the most recent resources from credible sources such as libraries and websites. The research adopted evaluative research strategy. Evaluative strategy involved assessing systems, theories, and frameworks of total quality management in relation to their effectiveness and outcomes. Data analysis involved comparing the contributions of various quality gurus, identifying their similarities and differences, and forecasting their outcomes. Data was analyzed by reorganizing and refining it to adapt standards of simplicity and understandability. Findings, Analysis and Interpretation Philip Crosby Philip Crosby started his career in industry as an inspector. Later, he became a vice president of quality at ITT. Crosby left ITT in 1979 and founded Philipp Crosby Associates, Inc., and Crosby Quality College that had trained 35,000 managers and executives by 1986 (Summers, 2009). Crosby influenced General Motors; General Motors purchased over 10% of Crosby stock in addition to setting its own Crosby school similar to IBM, Johnson & Johnson and Ch rysler (Besterfield, 2009). Crosby directed his messages to top managers and sought to change their perceptions and attitudes about quality. He spoke of quality as conformance to requirements and made managers to believe that products consistently reproducing its design specifications conformed to standards of high quality. According to Crosby, the goal of quality improvement is achievement of zero-defects. This is achieved through prevention rather